Background of the Study
Democratic practices, which the political leadership must promote across the institutional landscape of governance, are the conceptual vehicle that unites the aspects of social transformation indicated above in democratizing countries. As a result, democratized governance institutions would include creating organizations and regulations that are not just efficient but also fair, and that are produced via a democratic process in which everyone has a genuine political voice. The establishment of an autonomous yet trustworthy election system to oversee democratic transition and the institutionalization of a long-lasting legislative system to provide the legal basis for democratic good governance are the most important of these institutions (Sharma, 2007). The reality of attempts to undermine democracy in order to suit the interests of a few rather than a larger majority continues to loom large. The nascent democracy was a product of external force and was artificial. It is a shaky democracy that denies its actual identity's intrinsic ethos. Democracy and political engagement are intertwined and complimentary in successful administration, yet they appear to be diametrically opposed in Nigeria. Democracy is foreign to Nigerians, and putting it into reality has been challenging.
The deterioration of good governance caused by democratic practice has exacerbated the democratic crisis. Good governance becomes elusive and evasive when democracy is misused. This is what Darl (1989) refers to as "virtual democracy," or democracy that resembles actual democracy but lacks core democratic principles. Democracy must be liberal and participatory in order to develop effective government. In this view, liberal democracy necessitates not just free and fair elections in terms of voting administration, but also a broader fairness of political rivalry, as expressed in the idea of just and open competition. The election arena in a liberal democracy is open, and the playing field is fairly level. Good governance can only be realized in a free society where individuals have the chance to participate freely and their rights are respected. True democracy prioritizes freedom and open competition, as well as widespread and meaningful involvement, responsiveness, openness, and accountability. Freedom to assemble, oppose anti-people policies, and demand and advocate citizens' rights and interests, as well as freedom of the press to publish, investigate, and expose government policies and activities without fear of retaliation (Cheema and Maguire, 2004).
The ability to create and implement sensible policies, as well as public and state respect for the institutions that control economic and social relations, are all aspects of good governance. "The extent to which a government is perceived and accepted as legitimate, committed to improving the public welfare and responsive to the needs of its citizens, competent to ensure law and order and deliver public services, able to create an enabling policy environment for productive activities; and equitable in its conduct" has been linked to good governance (Sharma, 2007). It encompasses a broader range of issues such as public sector management, the legal framework for development, accountability, government legitimacy, information and technology, and the government's ability to develop appropriate policies, make timely decisions, effectively implement those decisions, and deliver services (Cheema and Maguire, 2004).
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